تنوع گونه‌‌ای زنبورهای گال‌‌زای بلوط (Hym., Cynipidae) در استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

درختان بلوط مهم‌‌ترین گونۀ گیاهی جنگل‌‌های غرب کشورند و زنبورهای خانوادۀ Cynipidae، گال‌‌های متنوعی روی قسمت‌‌های مختلف این درختان ایجاد می‌‌کنند. دو گونۀ بلوط Quercus brantii Lindl.و Quercus infectoria Oliv.با پراکنش متفاوت در جنگل‌‌های استان کرمانشاه وجود دارند و این پژوهش برای بررسی تنوع گونه‌‌ای زنبورهای گال‌‌زای بلوط در مناطق مختلف استان کرمانشاه انجام شد؛ برای این منظور طی سال‌‌های 1391 و 1392 از شش منطقۀ پاوه، جوانرود، گهواره، قلاجه، چالابه و سرمیل نمونه‌‌برداری و شاخص‌‌های تنوع گونه‌‌ای براساس داده‌‌های جمع‌‌آوری‌‌شده محاسبه شد. در این بررسی درمجموع، 30 نوع گال (جنسی و غیر جنسی) از روی اندام‌‌های مختلف گیاهی مانند شاتون، جوانه، میوه و برگ دو گونۀ بلوط Q. brantii (16 نوع گال) و Q. infectoria (14 نوع گال) جمع‌‌آوری شد. گونه‌های Neuroterus lanuginosus Giraud،Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht) و N. saliens (Kollar) بیشترین فراوانی و گونه‌های Andricus coriariformis (Melika)، A. megalucidus (Melika)، A. istvani Melika، Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig)وSynophrus olivieri (Kieffer) کمترین فراوانی را در سطح استان نشان دادند؛ همچنین گونه‌‌های N. lanuginosus، N. saliens و Aphelonyx persica (Melika) با داشتن بیشترین پراکندگی، گونه‌‌های غالب زنبورهای گال‌‌زای بلوط استان کرمانشاه شناخته شدند. شاخص تنوع گونه‌‌ای شانون - وینر نشان داد تنوع گونه‌‌ای زنبورهای گال‌‌زای بلوط در جوانرود (878/1) و گهواره (870/1) بیشتر از چالابه (873/0)، پاوه (681/0)، سرمیل (195/0) و قلاجه (188/0) بوده است. مقایسۀ این شاخص روی گونه‌‌های بلوط Q. brantii (574/0) و Q. infectoria(573/1)، نشان‌‌دهندۀ تنوع بیشتر زنبورهای گال‌‌زا روی گونۀ Q. infectoria بود. بیشترین تنوع گونه‌‌ای در ارتفاع 1500 تا 1800 متری از سطح دریا مشاهده شد. طی نمونه‌‌برداری‌‌ها، 17 گونه زنبور پارازیتویید از بالاخانوادۀ Chalcidoidea از 13 نوع گال زنبورهای Cynipidae روی دو گونۀ بلوط جمع‌‌آوری شد که به خانواده‌‌های Torymidae، Eurytomidae، Ormyridae، Eupelmidae، Eulophidae و Pteromalidae تعلق داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Species Diversity of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Kermanshah Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Zardooei 1
  • Abbas Ali Zamani 2
  • Ali Asghar Talebi 3
  • Hooman Salari 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
The oak trees are considered the most important plant species in western forests of Iran and cynipid wasps create various galls on different parts of the oak trees. There are two oak species including Quercus brantii Lindl. and Q. infectoria Oliv. with different distribution in the forests of Kermanshah province. The present study aimed at investigating the biodiversity of oak gall wasps in different regions of Kermanshah. The oak galls were collected from six regions of Paveh, Javanrood, Gahvareh, Ghalajeh, Chalabeh, and Sarmil during 2011 and 2012 and the diversity indices were calculated based on the obtained data. In this study, a total of 30 different sexual and asexual galls were collected from catkin, buds, fruits, and leaves of Q. brantii (16 galls) and Q. infectoria (14 galls). Neuroterus lanuginosus Giraud, Dryocosmus israeli (Sternlicht), and N. saliens (Kollar) were recognized as the most abundant species and Andricus coriariformis (Melika), A. megalucidus (Melika), A. istvani Melika, Pseudoneuroterus macropterus (Hartig), and Synophrus olivieri (Kieffer) as rare species, respectively. Also, N. lanuginosus, N. saliens and Aphelonyx persica (Melika) were found from all regions and recognized as the dominant cynipid gall wasps species of the oak forests of Kermanshah. The calculated values for the Shannon-Wiener diversity index revealed that the diversity of cynipid wasps in Javanrood (1.878) and Gahvareh (1.870) was greater than Chalabeh (0.873), Paveh (0.681), and Ghalajeh (0.188). Also, the species diversity of gall wasps on Q. infectoria (1.573) was more than Q. brantii (0.574) based on the Shannon-Wiener Index. The greatest diversity of cynipid wasps was obtained at an altitude of 1500-1800 meters. Overall, 17 parasitoid wasp species (Chalcidoidea) were collected from 13 different galls on both oak species which were belonged to Torymidae, Eurytomidae, Ormyridae, Eupelmidae, Eulophidae, and Pteromalidae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Parasitoid
  • Biodiversity
  • Oak Trees
  • Gall Wasps
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