مقایسۀ ساختار سیگنال‌‌های صوتی آواز زرده‌‌پرۀ سر‌‌سیاه (Emberiza melanocephala) و زرده‌‌پرۀ سرسرخ (E. bruniceps)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تجزیه و تحلیل ویژگی‌‌های ساختار آواز در اعضای خانوادۀ گنجشک‌‌شکلان (Passeriformes) در جایگاه شاخصی قوی برای رده‌‌بندی گونه‌‌های یک جنس یا زیرگونه‌‌های یک گونه استفاده شده است. دو گونۀ زرده‌‌پرۀ سرسرخ و زرده‌‌پرۀ سرسیاه در محل برخورد ثانویۀ خود در زیستگاههای نواحی جنوب شرقی دریای خزر دورگه شده‌‌اند و افراد حد واسط تولید می‌‌کنند. بروز این واقعه، احتمال تشابه بسیار زیاد آواز جنس نر در این دو گونه را مطرح می‌‌کند که سبب می‌‌شود جنس ماده در تفکیک آواز جنس نر گونۀ دیگر، دچار خطا شود. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی شباهت‌‌ها و تفاوت‌‌های سیگنال‌‌های آواز جنس نر در این دو گونه پرنده با استفاده از آواز‌‌های ثبت‌‌شده در بانک آواز پرندگان (Xeno-Canto) انجام شده است. به این منظور تعداد 30 آواز از این دو گونه برای تجزیه و تحلیل در بستۀ warbleR انتخاب و اسپکتروگرام‌‌ها و مؤلفه‌‌های اصلی آوازها استخراج شد. تجزیۀ مؤلفه‌‌های اصلی (PCA)، خوشه‌‌بندی‌‌نشدن سیگنال‌‌های تشخیص داده‌‌شده با این تکنیک و هم‌‌پوشانی زیاد در برخی از ویژگی‌‌های صوتی این دو گونه را نشان داد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد با وجود تکامل تفاوت‌‌های ریختی و رنگ پر و بال در بین این دو گونه، هنوز مکانیزم جدایی زادآوری بین آنها (ازجمله تکامل سیگنال‌‌های صوتی برای تشخیص صحیح نرها و ماده‌‌های هر گونه و تفکیک افراد سایر گونه‌‌های دیگر) کامل نشده است که این امر موجب جریان ژن و دورگه‌‌زایی بین این دو گونه می‌‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparison of the Structure of Acoustic Signals of Red-headed Buntings (Emberiza Melanocephala) and Black-headed Buntings (E. Bruniceps)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Shams 1
  • Mohammad Kaboli 2
1 Ph. D. Student of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Analysis of song structure characteristics in the passeriform can be used as a powerful index in determining the taxonomical status of species of genus or subspecies of a species. Black-headed bunting (Emberiza melanocephala) and red-headed bunting (E. bruniceps) meet in a hybrid zone southeast of the Caspian Sea, Iran, and produce hybrid bunting individuals. This phenomenon, which creates these hybrid individuals may originate from the fact that there is a high similarity in the male song of the two species which may cause females to make a mistake in identifying the species they choose to mate with. This study was conducted to investigate the similarities and differences of the male songs of these two species by downloading their songs from the open-access online repository Xeno-Canto. Thirty audio files were selected for analysis in the warbleR software. The spectrograms and principal components were extracted according to the offered functions of this package. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed no clustering of signals detected by this technique as well as overlap in some of the sound characteristics of the two species. The results of the present study revealed that despite the evolution of plumage and morphometric differences between the two species, the mechanism of reproductive isolation between them (including the development of acoustic signals to correctly identify males and females of each species and exclude other species individuals) was still incomplete which may cause gene flow and consequently hybridization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • hybridization
  • Red-headed Bunting
  • Black-headed bunting
  • contact zone
  • warbleR Package

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