بررسی فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی عناصر گیاهی منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ جنگلی میرآباد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زیست‌شناسی - سیستماتیک اکولوژی گیاهی دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی (علوم گیاهی)، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

تنوع زیستی گیاهی در زاگرس شمالی از جنبه‌های مختلف اهمیت دارد و راهکارهای مناسبی برای تعیین قابلیت‌های عناصر گیاهی و وضعیت حفاظتی گونه‌ها ارائه می‌دهد و عامل مؤثری در سنجش و ارزیابی منطقه برای بررسی توان اکولوژیکی به شمار می‌رود. منطقۀ حفاظت‌شدۀ میرآباد در محور پیرانشهر - سردشت بین عرض‌های 23 °36 و´31 °36 شمالی و طول‌های 15 °45 و 25 °45 شرقی به مساحت 11435 هکتار در محدودۀ ارتفاعی 1177 تا 2068 متری از سطح دریا واقع‌ شده است. میانگین بارندگی و دمای سالانۀ منطقه باتوجه‌به داده‌های بیست‌ساله به‌ترتیب 696 میلی‌متر و 3/12 درجۀ سانتی‌گراد است. به روش توزیع تصادفی قطعه‌نمونه‌های چنداندازه‌ای ویتاکر در تیپ‌های مختلف گیاهی در سال 1396، تعداد 447 گونه گیاهی از 81 تیره و 301 جنس شناسایی شدند. بزرگ‌ترین تیره‌ها ازنظر غنای گونه‌ای و جنس به‌ترتیب عبارتند از: تیره‌های Asteraceae (57 گونه)، Poaceae (48 گونه)، Fabaceae (37 گونه) و Lamiaceae (24 گونه)، تیره‌های Asteraceae با 35 جنس، Poaceae با 32 جنس، Apiaceae با
21 جنس و Brassicaceae با 19 جنس. همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها با 3/35 درصد، تروفیت‌ها با 2/28 درصد، ژئوفیت‌ها با 4/14 درصد و فانروفیت‌ها با 13 درصد شکل‌های زیستی منطقه هستند. ازنظر پراکنش جغرافیایی، 210 گونه‌
(47 درصد) به عناصر ایرانی-تورانی تعلق دارند. بر اساس معیارهای IUCN در منطقه تعداد 33 گونه در فهرست گیاهان با تهدید کمتر، تعداد 23 گونه در فهرست کمبود اطلاعات، تعداد 7 گونه در فهرست گیاهان آسیب‌پذیر و
1 ‌گونه در معرض انقراض قرار دارند. همچنین، 14 گونه نادر و 167 گونه دارویی‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Flora, Biological Form and Corollary of Plant Elements of Mirabad Protected Area

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faroogh Soleymani 1
  • Jalil Khara 2
1 M.S Student of Plant Systematic-Ecology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associated professor Department of Biology (Plant Sciences), Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Biodiversity study in northern Zagros is important in many aspects and provides appropriate strategies for determining the potential of species and conservation status of species, and is also an effective factor in assessing and evaluating the area for ecological capability. Mirabad protected area in the Piranshahr-Sardasht axis is between the latitudes of 36° 23' and 36° 31' north, and the lengths 45° 15' and 45° 25', with an area of 11435ha, in the elevation range 1177-2068 m above sea level. The average rainfall and annual temperature of the area in the data of twenty years are 696 mm and 12.3°C, respectively. By distributing random samples of Whitaker multi-size units in different plant types in 2017, 447 plant species were identified from 81 families and 301 genera. The largest families in terms of species richness and genus were Asteraceae (57 species), Poaceae (48 species), Fabaceae
(37 species), Lamiaceae (24 species), Asteraceae families with 35, Poaceae with 32, Apiaceae with 21, and Brassicaceae were with 19 genera. Hemi cryptophytes with 35.3%, Throphytes with 28.2%, Geophytes with 14.4% and Phanerophytes with 13%, of the life forms of the region were recorded. In terms of chorology, 210 species (47%) belong to the Iran-Turan zone. According to the IUCN criteria in the region, there were 33 species in lower risks (LR), 23 species data deficient (DD), 7 species vulnerable (VU), and one species endangered (EN) in this protected area. Also, there are 14 rare species and 167 medicinal species.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chorology
  • Life Form
  • Flora
  • Mirabad Protected Area
  • Protective Status

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