معرفی فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان تالاب‌های مهم استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استاد، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 محقق بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

تالاب‌ها ازجمله اکوسیستم‌های حیاتی هستند که پوشش گیاهی ویژه‌ای را به خود اختصاص می‌دهند و ازاین‌رو، مطالعۀ فلوریستیک آنها اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی، تعیین شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان تالاب‌های مهم استان چهارمحال‌و‌بختیاری انجام شد؛ به‌این منظور، نمونه‌های گیاهی چهار تالاب مهم استان (چغاخور، گندمان، سولقان و علی‌آباد) در سال‌های 1394 و 1395 و طی فصل‌های رویشی مختلف بر اساس روش مرسوم مطالعه‌های تاکسونومیک منطقه‌ای جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از منابع موجود شناسایی و تیره، سرده و گونۀ هر یک از آنها تعیین شد. نتایج بررسی حاضر نشان دادند در مجموع، 137 گونۀ گیاهی متعلق به 38 تیره و 96 سرده در چهار تالاب اصلی استان وجود دارند و تیره‌های Poaceae (24 گونه)، Cyperaceae (17 گونه) و Asteraceae (15 گونه) مهم‌ترین تیره‌های گیاهی موجود در منطقه هستند. بر اساس اشکال زیستی Raunkiaer،
54 درصد گونه‌ها (74 گونه) کریپتوفیت، 4/23 درصد (32 گونه) همی‌کریپتوفیت و 6/22 درصد (31 گونه) تروفیت هستند. بررسی پراکنش جغرافیایی عناصر گیاهی نشان داد 1/32 درصد گونه‌ها چند منطقه‌ای، 2/21 درصد گونه‌ها به ناحیۀ رویشی ایرانی - تورانی تعلق دارند،2/18درصد گونه‌ها عناصر مشترک ایرانی - تورانی/ اروپا -سیبری/ مدیترانه‌ای هستند و سایر گونه‌ها به نواحی رویشی ایرانی - تورانی/ اروپا - سیبری، جهان‌وطنی و ایرانی -تورانی/ مدیترانه‌ای تعلق دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Flora, Life form and Chorology of Plants in the Important Wetlands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yaghoub Iranmaesh 1
  • Adel Jalili 2
  • Hamzehali Shirmardi 3
  • Hassan Jahanbazi goujani 1
1 Assistant Professor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
2 Professor, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), I.R. Iran
3 Researcher, Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Wetlands are one of the most important and vital ecosystems which support a wide array of unique plants adapted to wet conditions. Therefore, identification of vegetation and phytogeographical surveys in these regions is necessary. The aim of this research was plant identification, introduction to the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution in wetlands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Plants were collected from different parts of the four main wetlands (Choghakhor, Gandoman, Souleghan and Aliabad) during two years and different growing seasons. The life form of plants and phytogeography classification were studied. The results showed that there were 135 plant species belonging to 36 families and 94 genera. The families like Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Asteraceae with 24, 17 and 15 species embraced higher species respectively. These families contained 41.5 percent of the total species. According to Raunkiaer’s life form, species were: 53.3% cryptophytes (72 species), 23.7% hemicryptophytes (32 species) and 23% therophytes (31 species). The chorology of species showed that 32.6 percent of species belonging to Polyregional, 21.5 percent Iran-Turanian, 18.5 percent belonged to Irano-Turanian, Europa-Siberian and Mediterranean.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
  • Flora
  • Life Form
  • Plant Geography
  • Wetland

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