University of Isfahan Taxonomy and Biosystematics 3115-9001 16 61 2024 12 21 Distribution and conservation significance of endemic and subendemic species of Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae from Pakistan: Insights for the nomenclatural updates Distribution and conservation significance of endemic and subendemic species of Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae from Pakistan: Insights for the nomenclatural updates 31 54 29336 10.22108/tbj.2025.144243.1298 EN Tariq Rahim Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan Amjad Khan Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan National Herbarium of Pakistan (Stewart Collection), PARC-National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan Sher Shah Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan Muhammad Durrani Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan Adnan Haider Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan . Rozina Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA Amir Sultan National Herbarium of Pakistan (Stewart Collection), PARC-National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Okezie Emmanuel Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA Journal Article 2025 02 03 In the present study, we shortlisted 71 endemic and subendemic plant species in three diverse families, Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae from the political territory of Pakistan. Among them, Orobanchaceae has the highest number of species (47 spp., 66.20%), including four genera: Pedicularis and Euphrasia, each with (21 spp., 44.68%), followed by Orobanche with (4 spp., 8.51%), and Christisonia, which has one species (2.13%). Plantaginaceae contains (14 spp., 19.72%), including four genera: Lagotis, Linaria, and Veronica, each with (3 spp., 21.42%), followed by Plantago with (2 spp., 14.28%), and Campylanthus, Chaenorhinum, and Picrorhiza, each having a single species (7.14%). Scrophulariaceae includes only the genus Scrophularia with (10 spp., 14.08%). Some species-rich genera (e.g., Euphrasia, Pedicularis, and Scrophularia) are extensively distributed in the Himalayan region, which is regarded as a significant hotspot and a center of speciation for these genera. It is concluded that the species richness and proportion of these endemic plants are highly diversified in northern Pakistan due to altitudinal gradients, which show a response to altitude.

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